Autism Stimming: 8 Ways to Manage Repetitive Behaviours

While autism stimming is common, behaviours can be wide and varied. Some are harmful and need intervention, but many reap positive benefits and can produce calm.

individuals with autism can become fixated with something or have the need to repeat behaviours over and over. We may not see why they are doing it, but these fixations don’t hurt the child and are sometimes even comforting.

They aren’t necessarily something that needs to be stifled, but they do need to be addressed if they are disturbing other people or interfering with your child’s quality of life.

One study found that children with autism tested had significantly greater severity ratings for compulsions, stereotypy, and self-injury. Repetitive behaviour severity also predicted severity of autism.

Children with autism are not the only demographic that stim. If you bite your nails constantly, if you drum your fingers on a table-top or chew a pencil when you are deeply concentrating; they are all forms of stimming.

Autism Stimming for the ASD child might be more noticeable and sometimes can become uncontrollable and may need management.

Lower Order and Higher Order Autism Stimming Behaviours

While repetitive behaviours are not unique to autism, according to a study published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry, autism stimming one of the three core diagnostic domains of autism.

These repetitive behaviours are divided into two categories: lower order and higher order behaviours.

Lower order behaviours are the repeated motor or vocal behaviours you often see. Higher order behaviours are things like insistence on sameness. Examples of each will be given below.

Another study researched how these lower and higher order behaviours occur over an extended period, specifically relating to children who were non-verbal at the age of 2 years.

Their results found that lower order behaviours were consistently high over time indicating consistent severity but there was no correlation between being non-verbal and higher order behaviours.

In contrast, higher order behaviours started low and increased over time, indicating that they worsened over the time period.

Having a higher nonverbal intelligence at age 2 was associated with milder low order behaviours and with improvement in these behaviours over time. There was no relationship for these same children between nonverbal intelligence and higher order behaviours.

However, for children with milder social/communicative impairment at age 2, it was associated with more severe concurrent higher order behaviours. According to the study, children who are nonverbal at the age of 2 have a greater chance of developing more severe low order behaviours but that they improve over time.

For children with milder social/communicative impairment at age 2, there is a higher chance of developing higher order behaviours which tend to remain consistent.

What is Autism Stimming?

Autism stimming is the common name given to these repetitive or unusual movements or noises. Its name comes from the fact that these are self-stimulating behaviours.

It can include full body or more isolated movements. An individual may do it when they are overwhelmed, excited, anxious, happy, or use it as a source of comfort.  Some examples for a child with autism might include:

LOWER ORDER AUTISM STIMMING BEHAVIOURS

• Flapping hands
• Nodding head
• Rocking back and forth
• Flicking or snapping fingers
• Repeating words or phrases
• Pulling hair
• Rubbing the skin or scratching
• Bouncing
• Jumping
• Twirling
• Sniffing at people or objects
• Rubbing, stroking, or licking particular types of objects they find stimulating
• Repetitive blinking
• Banging their head against the wall or floor
• Biting
• Punching
• Stroking or rubbing faces
• Staring at rotating objects
• Staring at lights

HIGHER ORDER AUTISM STIMMING BEHAVIOURS

• Routines and rituals
• Insistence on sameness
• Intense interests

When autism stimming, a child may be aware they are doing it but may not understand that it may be bothering other people due to a lack of understanding and a reduced ability to interpret social cues.

Stimming may help them calm down, because them to focus on the movement (or sound).

When Does Autism Stimming Need Managing?

Intervention or management may be needed in the following situations:

• If the behaviour is disrupting others in social settings (e.g. school)

• If they have started to seclude or isolate themselves because of the stimming
• If their ability to learn is being compromised
• If they are in danger or it is producing self-harm (e.g. repeatedly banging their head on the floor and making it bleed)
• If it is affecting other family members in a negative way
• If they are causing destruction because of their behaviour
• If it stops them engaging in more meaningful activities

Autism Stimming and Self Injurious Behaviour

Most autism stimming is harmless and although it may become disruptive at times, it does not place them in danger.

With some individuals with autism, however, stimming may result in self-harm. This can be an issue for those on the spectrum with an intellectual disability and/or limited communication skills.

Autism stimming that crosses the line into self-injurious behaviour is categorised as behaviours that result in injury to the person’s own body. Some behaviours that may be categorized as self-injurious are:

• Skin rubbing or scratching (the repetition doesn’t stop when the skin breaks and starts to bleed. This can cause wounds that then scab or become infected which they continue to rub or scratch)
• Banging their head against a wall or on the ground
• Punching themselves
• Hitting themselves
• Biting themselves
• Swallowing dangerous objects or substances

Needless to say, if autism stimming is causing self-jury, it needs to be managed. For these individuals, the help of a professional to see if there is a medical cause would be an appropriate course of action.

If no medical cause can be found, then limiting (or providing more) stimulation in the environment will help, depending on what is causing the stimming in the first place.

8 Ways to Manage Autism Stimming

Understanding the cause or the trigger from the behaviour is essential before you can help your child manage it.

Is it due to excitement, overwhelm, stress, anxiety, happiness or just because it is soothing?

If it is due to being stressed, then the environment they are in needs to be managed to try and mediate the level of stress. It is only when you have a clear understanding of the triggers that you can start to try to eliminate them.

Here are 8 suggestions that may help:

1. Try to eliminate as many triggers as you can
2. Daily routines and predictability
3. Invest in acceptable types of stimulating behaviours (such as a stress ball or fidget spinner). There are many products on the market that can be used as a replacement for the behaviour. Find one your child likes.
4. Try to have a calm environment
5. The use of music through headphones can help depending on the cause
6. Provide other sensory stimulating activities (e.g. going for a walk, jumping on a trampoline, carrying heavy objects)
7. Autism stimming caused by anxiety may benefit from medication if severe enough. Seek the advice of a professional who deals with ASD
8. Seek guidance from professionals who work with children with autism to see if available therapies will help. There is applied behavioural therapy (ABA), sound therapy (like the one I am a certified practitioner of) or a combination of different therapies.

A child should never be punished for stimming. If it is harmless to themselves or others, then let them stim. If you need to intervene and manage the behaviour, explain why it needs to change and offer alternatives (like stress balls or fidget objects).

It is going to be a learning process and one that will be trial and error until you find the cause and then replacements (if necessary).

Autism Stimming: A Form of Vestibular Seeking

Look at some of the behaviours of autism stimming. Hand flapping, shaking the head etc; can you see how the child is stimulating the vestibular system during these behaviours?

Shaking the head or head banging moves the head and gives direct information regarding speed, direction, and space. It stimulates the vestibular system in an overly aggressive way (as does spinning and various other forms of stimming) which, without knowing it, the child is trying to achieve.

If autism stimming is done because of overwhelm, the child is stimulating the vestibular system and other senses to decrease the overall sensory overload.

Through my sound therapy work, I have seen children with autism reduce their fixated behaviours by increasing their ability to process sound more effectively. It also stimulates the vestibular system, but also changes the brain in a way that helps with so many of the issues children with ASD face.

It is not a cure by any means, but I have seen huge benefits for many children with autism through increased processing skills which have positively affected behaviour and skills.

Autism Stimming and Anxiety

One study has highlighted a relationship between repetitive behaviours and anxiety. The study examined repetitive behaviours and anxiety in two groups of children with ASD, those with high anxiety and those with lower levels of anxiety.

Children with high anxiety had lower order repetitive behaviours than those without anxiety. The same children also had higher levels of insistence on sameness (higher order behaviours).

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